Monday, November 16, 1998 Published at 21:14 GMT
Sci/Tech
Army and police join forces to
beat bug
The Army could be on hand to help with millennium emergencies
The Army is working with police to draw up contingency plans to deal
with a millennium bug emergency, a senior police chief has revealed.
High-level talks are under way to provide military support to police in
the event of chaos caused by computer failure in the year 2000.
The Army could provide air support and other assistance to help move
police from "hot spot to hot spot" if emergency services, hospitals,
transport systems and other computer-controlled networks collapse
because their equipment fails to recognise the double zero as the
year 2000 dawns.
John Evans, Chief Constable of Devon and Cornwall Police and the
Chairman of the Millennium Co-ordinating committee for the
Association of Chief Police Officers ( Acpo ) , confirmed that the Army
was involved in emergency planning as he signed the Millennium
Pledge, a promise to take action to tackle the computer bug, on
behalf of Acpo.
Mr Evans said: "Discussions are going on up and down the country
with top Army officers.
"From there, individual forces are
building their plans to see what
military assistance they will be able
to make use of in the event of
difficulties."
The talks were part of regular police
contact with the Army to discuss
contingency plans for emergency
situations, he said.
Possible military involvement in
providing police support in the year
2000 emerged earlier in November
after a leaked memo from Scottish
Secretary Donald Dewar suggested
Territorial Army soldiers could be
necessary to maintain services.
And in another move to prepare for the dawning of the new
millennium, Mr Evans said leave was being cancelled for all police
officers over the four-day extended bank holiday to ensure forces were
up to strength.
Gwynneth Flower, Managing Director of Action 2000, the company
set up by the government to encourage companies and services to
tackle the bug, said the police would not be the only ones going into
work.
Between 40% and 50% of the UK's employees would be called in
over the bank holiday - many of them to ensure that computer
problems were solved before the start of business after the break.
Acpo said police forces were on target to make their systems "Year
2000 compliant" in time for the millennium.
So far 12m has been spent updating networks including force
computers, the Police National Computer and fingerprint database.
'No special plans'
The Cabinet Office played down the significance of the Army's
involvement in emergency planning for the millennium.
The discussions were part of a regular liaison between the emergency
service and the army to ensure measures were in place to deal with
any civil emergency, a spokeswoman said.
But there were no special plans for the millennium.
She said: "Under normal circumstances, any possible emergency that
might arise might have some sort of contingency plan. That's normal
procedure.
"There are no special plans for the millennium. There are normal
plans in case anything happens."
An Army spokesman at the Ministry of Defence confirmed that the
police and army officials had begun talks.
But he said: "These discussions are at an embryonic stage and no
commitment has been made by the army.
"We are open to approaches and we are well placed to assist in
certain areas," he said.
Did you know that the second edition of Maxwell's 'Treatise on Electromagnetism' was extensively modified -- the first 9 chapters -- by Mr W.D. Niven, at Trinity College, Cambridge, around 1881?
However, these changes were probably intended by Maxwell, who apparently died suddenly. And -- they probably were simplifications that more appropriate for the analysis of Faraday's work.
By the way, have you seen any books accurately summarizing Faraday's original work?
I have a question for you. As far as I can tell, the Quaternion formulation of Hamilton translates into the vector analysis of Heaviside, which is a clearly more palatable analytic tool. And -- I have found nothing from tidbits of Michael Faraday's work that indicates that the Quaternion formulation offers any additional insight over and above Maxwell's equations as modified by Heaviside.
What I have surmised from E. T. Whittaker's two 1909 papers:
1 ) 'On an Expression of the ElectroMagnetic Field Due to Electrons by Means of Two Scalar Potential Functions', and
2 ) 'On the partial differential equations of mathematical physics',
is that the entire electromagnetic formulation of Maxwell's equations can be condensed down into two scalar functions that have a much more simple relation with charged particle motion than the displacement current, and the magnetic intensity. E.T. Whittaker -- a brilliant mathematician -- did not use quaternions for this derivation like Tom Bearden claimed, but the Heaviside formulation of Maxwell's equations.
Regardless, this is highly significant, even if most of what Tom Bearden says is nearly incomprehensible to me.
My guess is that the key problem to a major advancement in electromagnetic theory is to guess optimal formulations of the two scalar functions of Whittaker, F and G. The classical formulation of Maxwell's equations can be derived as two symmetrical second order differential equations involving F and G. This is a non-trivial matter, as there is little physical evidence, with the exception of the Abramov ( sp? ) -Bohm effect, that shows the magnetic vector potential is important to electron motion, even when the magnetic field is zero. Unfortunately this is very much like the 'hidden variable' concepts in quantum mechanics.
How do you come up with the right 'hidden variables' to describe the magnetic vector potential -- or for that matter, F and G -- when all you can measure is D and H? I think more experimentation with the Abramov ( sp ) Bohm effect is needed to resolve this matter.
Comments?
I think one needs to think like an intelligence officer to assimilate information from such sites. I confirm from an independent source before considering as truth. Sadly, there is no other way. Interesting that both Tom Bearden and Ed Dames were both intelligence officers, isn't it? Could be that they have been telling us only part-truths. Would not be hard if this was your profession.
Your profession, and mine has always emphasized the truth, although I have known physicists who have 'fudged' data to make the results come out right.
Markets:
My predition is that interest rates remain unchanged for now. And Gold goes down. I agree with Mike Stewart that -- if gold does not go down this week with all of the bearish stuff -- that would be a very good sign indeed. We are certainly at a major turning point in gold trends.
I wonder, tho, if we voted what we think Greenspan WILL do or if we voted what we think he SHOULD do. We'll find out soon enough. Let the games begin!
How is this to be resolved? It won't be in the short term but there will be some events that will essentially force the retrenchment of the US into its more comfortable isolationist position. Then standing alone, the rest of the world and world alliances will re-calibrate their relationship and position to the US without the massive interference from the US as we are seeing now.
That will mean many things... new and different military alliances, and amongst other things, a new monetary order. ANOTHER has a perspective on what will make this happen. It's a valid perspective, but things will get more complicated than even he/she envisages. Will GOLD play a role. There is no doubt and its bigger than anyone can foresee. That's why the ever increasing and desperate effort to manage it into 'their box'.
Barrick and Placer require other 'hedging techniques'.
Yesterday: Moody's downgrades Japan's sovereign debt
Today: US rate cut - third one in six weeks
Tomorrow: Clinton off for a summit in Japan ( and South Korea )
Nov 25-30: Japan/China Summit in Tokyo. Chinese head of state to visit Japan for first time ever.
The plot is definitely thickening nicely.
http://www.geocities.com/~CyclePro/Charts/SP500/DerivExpo.htm
he Quarterly Derivatives Fact Sheet from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ( OCC ) is a collection of derivative activity information from all banks. Each
bank must prepare a "Condition and Income" report from which the OCC gathers its data. The most recent report available is currently the 1998 Q2 report from
which the data herein was obtained ( the Q3 report should be available soon ) .
What is a derivative? The OCC glossary contains the following definition: a derivative is a "...financial contract whose value is derived from the performance of
assets, interest rates, currency exchange rates, or indexes. Derivative transactions include a wide assortment of financial contracts including structured debt
obligations and deposits, swaps, futures, options, caps, floors, collars, forwards, and various combinations thereof..."
Perhaps the most striking single piece of information in the report is the fact that the total amount of derivatives held by U.S. banks is $28,176,000,000,000 -- in
case you did not count the zeroes, that's $28 Trillion!!
This staggering sum is comprised of $10 Trillion in futures and forwards, $11 trillion in swaps, and $7 Trillion in options. The rest is a fairly insignificant $129 Billion
in credit derivatives. $20 Trillion is concentrated in interest rates and $8 Trillion is in foreign exchange derivatives.
The top 8 U.S. banks hold 95% ( $26.6 Trillion ) of all reported derivatives. These top banks include the following ( with stock symbol ) : Chase ( CMB ) includes
Chemical from merger, J.P.Morgan ( JPM ) , Citibank ( CCI ) , NationsBank ( NB ) , Bankers Trust ( BT ) , Bank of America ( BAC ) , First Chicago ( FCN ) , and Bank of
New York ( BNY ) .
When looking at the percentage of credit exposure to risk based capital, JPMorgan has exposure of 728%, Bankers Trust has 373%, Chase has 334%, Citibank
has 194%, and First Chicago has 175%. The other big banks are exposed for less than 100% of their capital.
Up through Q2 ( June 30, 1998 ) , the banks have made money on their derivative positions, as follows: $1.4 Billion from foreign exchange and $930 Million from
interest rates.
JPMorgan derives 23% of all of its revenue from trading derivatives compared to the next closest bank, Citibank which derives only 7% from its derivative trading.
To be up-front, not all of the $28 Trillion exposure is currently at risk. Actually, when looking at only interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives, only $11
Trillion is at risk with an expiration horizon of less than one year and another $11 Trillion exposure for a 1-5 year expiration horizon. Whew, that's a relief!
It should also be pointed out that only $109 Billion in derivatives is exposed for less than 1 year for equities ( stock market ) . Commodities ( including gold and
precious metals ) are only $71 Billion for less than one year to expiration.
The following table demonstrates the breakdown by category of risk exposure for the 8 banks with the highest derivative positions held. The columns have the
following meanings: Assets is the total assets of each bank, Derivs is the total derivative exposure ( all expirations ) , One Year is the total derivative exposure that
expires in less than one year, Equity is the banks exposure to the stock markets, and 30% Corr is the amount of derivative loss if the stock markets suffer a 30%
correction within one year.
Bank
Assets
Derivs
One Yr
Equity
30% Corr
Chase
367B
8,299B
3,635B
7.8B
-2.3B
JPMorgan
281B
7,447B
2,487B
53.9B
-16.2B
Citicorp
331B
3,299B
2,067B
13.8B
-4.1B
NationsBk
308B
2,325B
331B
8.5B
-2.5B
Bk Trust
172B
2,203B
963B
17.8B
-5.3B
Bk Amer
264B
1,709B
781B
0.4B
-0.1B
1st Chicago
120B
1,199B
469B
4.5B
-1.3B
Bk of NY
63B
264B
19B
n/a
n/a
One you can see, if Chase were to suffer a 10% loss in the derivative exposure which expires in less than one year, their entire asset base would be wiped out. For
JPMorgan it would only take an 11% loss to wipe out their asset base.
For the banks exposure to only the stock markets, JPMorgan leads the pack. If stocks suffer a market correction of 30%, JPMorgan could stand to lose $16.2
Billion. And, that's only their equity derivative exposure with an expiration of less than one year. If the stock markets entered into a long-term bear market lasting 5
years or more, JPMorgan's exposure would be $76 Billion and a 30% correction over that time could result in a loss of $22.8 Billion.
It appears to me that several of these banks have been in a difficult situation for the past few quarters. Many of these banks participated in investing in the LTCM
hedge fund, in addition to directly holding derivatives, which magnified their exposure to market fluctuations. The near collapse of LTCM would have been a disaster
for many of these banks. First, the forced liquidation of the derivatives held by LTCM would have certainly caused the markets to fall even further. Second, the
leveraged exposure these banks had to the markets directly though their own derivative positions, would certainly have added to their losses. Third, with a portion of
derivatives expiring on October 16, 1998, it is no wonder that the FED stepped in to assist in a multi-participation bank bailout of LTCM and announced an
emergency rate reduction on the day before many derivatives were set to expire.
In prior articles, I mentioned that JPMorgan holds controlling interest in the stock of the Federal Reserve Bank, and the FED has been instrumental in making
market-moving announcements over the past few quarters -- it does not take much effort to suggest that ulterior motives may have been at work to influence the
FED's decisions.
The main problem currently being faced by the FED and the banks is what to do next. If interest rates are lowered again, it may cause rate-sensitive derivatives to
generate extreme losses for the banks. Chase has $2.2 Trillion in derivative exposure that expires in less than one year, JPMorgan has $1.6 Trillion exposure.
In addition, adjusting interest rates will also affect currency exchange rates. Chase and Citibank each hold $1.4 Trillion of foreign currency derivatives, and
JPMorgan holds $829 Billion, all expiring in less than one year.
If you have ever wanted to witness an ultra-high stakes situation where the players were literally "between a rock and a hard place", this has got to be the very best
example that you will ever see. Unfortunately, none of the information will be made public ( if at all ) until well after the major events have taken place.
It is obvious , now, however that the world economy is even worse than we thought. The unamious cut by FOMC illustrates that they have knowledge and information that far exceeds our ( KITCO ) previous prognostications.
We in deep doo do now.
of various sizes and then said, "takes about a gallon of gas an hour to
run each of these." !!! At a gallon of gas an hour......if the blackout
period is two weeks or longer ( months? ) wouldn't that require a prohibitive
amount of gasoline to be stored??? Several words come to mind: expensive,
bulky, flammable, looters, legality, obvious, smelly, dangerous, and how long can
it last.....what do you do then.....is this the right track....or, should we be
concentrating on other methods?????????????
And no, I have a 'few' more years to go before I won't get my SSI....
Still searching for way to pull IRA rollover ( retirement ) away from brokers ( ie:take possession ) without tax liability.IMHO--- evaporation of co-mingled assets in these tax deferred accounts is most serious risk to all if system folds due to Y2k or other stresses.
dietary complement."??? How long can you live on a "tortilla diet" ( corn
& beans ) ???
He has decided to steadily drop rates, and will probably continue to do so for some time. This is probably the strongest deflationary news we could imagine, since AG has so consistently watched out for inflation, and it would take alot for him to turn around and look the other direction.
I think we need to ask ourselves how close the derivatives/debt situation is to implosion -- somewhere in the world. Rudiger Dornbusch tells us that Brazil may go down the tubes around Carnival day -- not a wise thing to say publically, since the consensus has been that Brazil is 'too big to fail'. My reading of this, given the US interest rate reductions, is that the other shoe is about to fail -- somewhere.
We are going to have the rollercoaster ride of a lifetime -- gold equties will probably go down soon. If gold equities plumment, we will have an unbelievable bargain -- for a time at least. Short/intermediate term gold equity investors are likely to have some really nice ups and downs.
Just a thought for you all -- any thought about Y2k coming a year early? What is going to happen to all of those European derivatives trades on Jan 1999? All to be priced in Euros? Or -- just the new ones?
Just think what it must be like for a European Derivatives trader/banker type -- might be easy to screw up if you have to watch yet one more currency in your trades. All that commercial arbitrage might get messed up.
Europe will benefit indirectly as they want to launch a strong Euro -- and the weaker the US dollar, the better chance they have of getting the EURO off the ground.
So -- now there are quite a few reasons for the US dollar to drop -- not just looming recession in the US.
We could be surprised by an Asia rally tomorrow -- even if I have no intention of being part of one.
Find out more about Kitco at info@kitco.com, or call 1-800-363-7053.
Copyright © 1996 Kitco Minerals & Metals Inc.
On that note. Time for some sleep. Got to rest up for the big day tomorrow.
-EJ